The different sleep apnea types

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

OSA is the most common type of sleep apnea. It occurs when the muscles in the throat relax excessively during sleep, causing a temporary blockage of the airway. This blockage can result in pauses in breathing and reduced oxygen levels in the blood. Symptoms of OSA include loud snoring, gasping or choking during sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Risk factors include obesity, age, and a family history of sleep apnea.

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Central Sleep Apnea (CSA)

CSA is less common and occurs when the brain fails to send the correct signals to the muscles that control breathing. Unlike OSA, where the airway is physically blocked, CSA involves a communication problem between the brain and the breathing muscles. Symptoms are similar to OSA but may also include shortness of breath and frequent awakenings. CSA is often associated with conditions like heart failure or stroke.

Mixed Sleep Apnea

Mixed sleep apnea, also known as complex sleep apnea, is a combination of OSA and CSA. Individuals with mixed sleep apnea experience symptoms and characteristics of both types. This can make diagnosis and treatment more complex, often requiring a combination of therapies used for OSA and CSA.

Diagnosing Sleep Apnea

Diagnosis of sleep apnea typically involves a sleep study, either at home or in a sleep lab, where various metrics such as breathing patterns, oxygen levels, and brain activity are monitored. Accurate diagnosis is essential to determine the type of sleep apnea and the most appropriate treatment plan.

For a more in-depth look at sleep apnea types and treatments, read our full article here.

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