Strokes, also known as cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), are medical emergencies that occur when there is a disruption in the blood supply to the brain, leading to brain cell damage.
The main types of stroke:
Recognizing the signs and symptoms of a stroke is crucial, as immediate medical attention can greatly reduce brain damage and enhance recovery prospects.
Ischemic stroke:
Ischemic strokes, comprising approximately 85% of all strokes, occur when a blood vessel supplying the brain is obstructed by a clot or blockage. This interruption in blood flow deprives brain tissue of essential oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic strokes can be categorized into two main types:
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Thrombotic stroke: Occurring when a blood clot forms within an artery supplying the brain, often developing in areas affected by atherosclerosis (accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries).
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Embolic stroke: Involves a blood clot or debris traveling from another part of the body, such as the heart, and becoming lodged in a brain artery, impeding blood flow.
Hemorrhagic stroke:
Less common yet more severe, hemorrhagic strokes arise from the rupture or leakage of a blood vessel in the brain, resulting in bleeding within or around the brain. These strokes are categorized into two subtypes:
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Intracerebral hemorrhage: Occurs when a blood vessel within the brain ruptures, causing bleeding directly into brain tissue.
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Characterized by bleeding into the space between the brain and its covering membranes (subarachnoid space), often caused by the rupture of an aneurysm (a weakened area in a blood vessel).
Transient ischemic attack (TIA):
Commonly known as a "mini-stroke," TIAs represent temporary disruptions of blood flow to the brain. Although TIAs share symptoms with strokes, they typically resolve within a short period, usually less than 24 hours, without causing permanent damage. However, TIAs should be taken seriously as they can signal an impending major stroke, warranting immediate medical attention.
Remember the "FAST" acronym:
- Face drooping
- Arm weakness
- Speech difficulty
- Time to call for help
If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms, seek immediate medical assistance by calling 999. Every second counts in mitigating the impact of stroke.
It's essential to recognize the signs and symptoms of a stroke and seek immediate medical help if you suspect someone is having a stroke. Prompt treatment can minimize brain damage and improve the chances of recovery.
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